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surplus reserve - traduction vers russe
MONETARY BENEFIT THAT ACCRUES TO PARTIES TO AN ECONOMIC TRANSACTION
Surplus (economics); Producer surplus; Consumer and producer surplus; Consumer's Surplus; Marshallian surplus; Consumers' surplus; Consumers' Surplus; Producer's surplus; Consumer surplus; Producers' surplus; Producers' Surplus; Producer's Surplus; Producer Surplus; Consumer Surplus; Rule of one-half; Consumer's surplus; Consumers surplus; Producers surplus; Social surplus
surplus reserve
избыточный резерв
consumer's surplus
излишек [дополнительная выгода] для потребителя (разница между приобретённой и оплаченной полезностью товаров)
producer's surplus
излишек для производителя (добавочная прибыль в результате повышения цен, напр. со стороны государства на дефицитное сырьё)
Définition
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ РЕЗЕРВНАЯ СИСТЕМА США
(Federal Reserve system), объединение 12 федеральных резервных банков США и более 5,5 тыс. частных банков США. Выполняет функции центрального банка. Основана в 1913.
Wikipédia
Economic surplus
In mainstream economics, economic surplus, also known as total welfare or total social welfare or Marshallian surplus (after Alfred Marshall), is either of two related quantities:
- Consumer surplus, or consumers' surplus, is the monetary gain obtained by consumers because they are able to purchase a product for a price that is less than the highest price that they would be willing to pay.
- Producer surplus, or producers' surplus, is the amount that producers benefit by selling at a market price that is higher than the least that they would be willing to sell for; this is roughly equal to profit (since producers are not normally willing to sell at a loss and are normally indifferent to selling at a break-even price).
